Physics, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United States set a new record of accuracy in time: they estimated that the error in one second in the new version they have developed an atomic clock accumulated over 3.7 billion years, whereas in previous such error accumulated for a term exceeding one billion, the press service of the Institute.
In atomic clocks, two metal ions are in an electromagnetic “trap” at a distance of several micrometers (one micrometer - thousandth part of a millimeter) of each other. Scientists “shoot” for the ions of the lasers and the interaction of atoms allows one to select two states - conditional zero and one. Fluctuations between these states - and there is timing.
Replacing mercury, and beryllium, used in the earlier hours, the aluminum and magnesium, the developers have reached a new limit of accuracy of atomic clocks: the seconds before the error clock would show about a billion years.
Quartz clock used to determine possible changes in the fundamental constants and test the laws of physics. In addition, according to developers, they can be used for autonomous navigation, for example, when landing aircraft according to the GPS.
In the definition of “second”, adopted at the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1967, include the radiation of the cesium atom. Therefore, as noted by physicists themselves, formally or one clock can not be precise cesium, which, in particular, and the NIST-F1 - watches, sets the standard time in the United States. A mistake in one second NIST-F1 accumulating for 100 million years.
New atomic clock divide time into smaller intervals in the future may enable mankind to measure it 100 times better. Description of the study and its results will be published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
7 February 2010
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